Assets
State why each protected item matters and what security property is most important.
Create a threat model that starts from architecture and assets, identifies realistic abuse cases, prioritises risk, and maps mitigations back to components and trust boundaries.
Threat modelling is not a checklist of attack names. It is a structured way to reason about assets, entry points, privileges, data flows, trust boundaries, assumptions, and the controls needed to reduce risk.
Begin with what needs protection: credentials, personal data, financial records, administrative actions, service availability, proprietary information, or another asset in the case study. Then identify legitimate actors and external dependencies.
Draw the architecture at the level required by the assignment. Components should have clear names and data flows should indicate what moves between them. Mark trust boundaries where identity, ownership, network zone, or security control changes.
If the diagram is too vague, the threat list will also be vague. A useful model makes it possible to ask who can send data, who processes it, where it is stored, and which component makes an authorization decision.
State why each protected item matters and what security property is most important.
Identify interfaces, APIs, login flows, file uploads, administrative consoles, queues, and external integrations.
Show where data crosses between users, services, networks, tenants, or third parties with different levels of trust.
STRIDE can help generate questions: can identity be spoofed, can data be tampered with, can an action be denied without sufficient logging, can sensitive information be disclosed, can a service be exhausted, or can privileges be increased?
The useful output is not the category label; it is a scenario tied to a component or flow. “Spoofing” by itself is not a complete threat. A better statement identifies the actor, precondition, affected component, and consequence.
Avoid duplicates by combining threats that share the same cause and control. This keeps the model readable and easier to prioritise.
Describe actor or condition, action, affected asset or component, and consequence.
Record authentication, validation, encryption, segmentation, monitoring, or other protection already present.
Explain what remains possible despite the existing control and why it matters.
Use the scoring method required by the module. When using likelihood and impact, define the scale before scoring. A risk matrix is only useful when the reader understands why a threat received a particular rating.
Mitigations should be design decisions: server-side authorization, stronger identity proofing, schema validation, encryption, rate limiting, network isolation, audit logging, secure defaults, or resilience controls. Link each mitigation to the component or flow it changes.
Threat modelling often overlaps with application security and secure coding, especially when the assignment asks you to move from design risk into implementation controls.
Check that the DFD and threat table use the same component names, every high-risk threat has a proposed treatment, assumptions are explicit, and controls are not credited unless the architecture actually includes them.
If you changed the architecture after identifying threats, update the diagram and record which risks were reduced. This demonstrates that threat modelling influenced design rather than becoming a separate paperwork exercise.
Component names, trust boundaries, and data flows are consistent across the submission.
Likelihood and impact ratings follow a stated rubric and are not arbitrary.
Each important control maps back to a specific threat and design location.
Yes. Guidance can show how to apply STRIDE to processes, data stores, data flows, and external entities without forcing every category onto every component.
Yes. We can help review DFD structure, component naming, trust boundaries, data classifications, and whether the diagram contains enough context for meaningful analysis.
Yes. Threats can be ranked using likelihood and impact, a course-specific rubric, or another method required by the brief.
Yes. These can be used to show alternative paths to an undesirable outcome and to connect technical threats with business impact.